In the UK, barristers and solicitors are both types of lawyers, but they have distinct roles and responsibilities within the legal system.
1. Role and Function
Solicitors:
Client-Facing Work: Solicitors are typically the first point of contact for clients. They provide legal advice, prepare legal documents, and handle most of the legal work outside the courtroom.
Case Management: They manage cases, conduct negotiations, and may represent clients in lower courts (such as magistrates' courts or tribunals).
Work in Law Firms: Most solicitors work in law firms, but they can also work in-house for corporations, government, or other organisations.
Barristers:
Court Advocacy: Barristers are specialists in advocacy, which means representing clients in higher courts (such as the Crown Court, High Court, Court of Appeal, or Supreme Court). They are the ones who appear in court to argue cases.
Specialist Advice: Barristers often provide specialist legal opinions or advice in complex cases. Solicitors may refer to barristers for this purpose.
Self-Employed: Barristers are usually self-employed and work in "chambers" (groups of barristers who share administrative services). They are typically instructed by solicitors to act on behalf of clients.
2. Courtroom Representation
Solicitors: Although solicitors can represent clients in some lower courts, they generally do not appear in higher courts unless they have gained additional qualifications (such as becoming a "solicitor advocate").
Barristers: Barristers have exclusive rights to represent clients in higher courts and are often called upon for their courtroom advocacy skills.
3. How Clients Access Them
Solicitors: Clients typically go directly to solicitors for legal advice. Solicitors may then "instruct" a barrister if the case requires specialist courtroom representation or expert legal advice.
Barristers: Barristers usually receive instructions from solicitors rather than directly from clients, although in certain areas of law (such as employment or family law), clients can directly approach barristers under the "Public Access" scheme.
4. Qualifications and Training
Solicitors: To become a solicitor, one typically completes a law degree (or another degree followed by a conversion course), the Solicitors Qualifying Exam (SQE) (introduced recently), and a period of work-based learning.
Barristers: After a law degree (or conversion course), aspiring barristers must complete the Bar Training Course (BTC) and undertake a pupillage, which is a year-long training period in chambers under the supervision of an experienced barrister.
5. Work Environment
Solicitors: Often work in law firms, managing client relationships and overseeing the day-to-day progress of cases.
Barristers: Generally, work more independently, focusing on advocacy and courtroom presentations, and work from chambers shared with other barristers.
In summary, solicitors deal with legal matters outside of court and manage client relationships, while barristers specialise in court advocacy and representing clients in legal proceedings. While the two professions traditionally have distinct roles, the lines have been blurring over time, with solicitor-advocates gaining rights to appear in higher courts, and barristers occasionally taking on more direct client work.